Las tortugas pleurodiras son abundantes y diversas en el registro del Eoceno de Europa. Entre ellas destaca el registro de los podocnemídidos, de los que se identifica un género de tortugas de agua dulce y otro costero. La forma dulceacuícola es Neochelys. El mejor registro de Neochelys se identifica en España y, concretamente, en la Cuenca del Duero. Existe abundante información relativa al registro de Neochelys del oeste de esa cuenca, tanto de Salamanca como de Zamora, donde dos especies son reconocidas. Sin embargo, el material procedente del este de la cuenca es hasta ahora inédito. Acaba de ser presentado, en las XL Jornadas de la Sociedad Española de Paleontología, un estudio detallado sobre los especímenes de Neochelys de Mazaterón, en Soria, cuyo título es “Systematic attribution of the podocnemidid turtles from the middle Eocene of Mazaterón (Soria Province, Spain)”. El resumen de este trabajo es el siguiente:
Turtle remains are abundant and diverse in the Eocene outcrops of the Spanish Duero Basin. The best-represented lineage there are the podocnemidid pleurodires. Two representatives of the European freshwater Neochelys were defined in the southwest area of that basin. Both the species defined in the Lutetian of Zamora (i.e., Neochelys zamorensis) and that in the Bartonian of Salamanca (i.e., Neochelys salmanticensis) are recognized as the best represented members for the diverse genus Neochelys. Both are considered exclusive to the provinces of Zamora and Salamanca respectively. In fact, not only turtles but also other vertebrate lineages show that, during the middle Eocene, a relevant faunal differentiation occurred at the northwestern basins of the Iberian Peninsula (including the Duero Basin) compared to those in Northeast and Central Europe. Thus, the existence of a Western Iberian Bioprovince was proposed. However, some faunal peculiarities are identified within this bioprovince. This is reflected within the Duero Basin, with notable faunal differences between the southwest area and the Almazán subbasin, located at the eastern area. The Bartonian site of La Solana (Mazaterón locality, Soria Province) lies within this subbasin. The faunal differences affect, among other lineages, the turtles, the presence of tortoises (i.e., the testudinid Pelorochelon soriana) in the Duero Basin being recognized as exclusive to the Almazán subbasin. Podocnemidid turtles are well-represented at La Solana, especially by several relatively complete or partial carapaces. However, they remained undescribed. They have been prepared and analyzed to confirm whether, as suggested by the dating of the site and the mammal faunas found there, the podocnemidid from the Bartonian of Mazaterón belongs to the species present in the Bartonian of Salamanca, thereby expanding its geographical distribution, or if it represents a distinct taxon that further emphasizes the faunal differences between the western and eastern areas of the Duero Basin.
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