Durante o Congresso Nacional de Geologia de 2026, que decorreu entre os dias 21 a 26 de junho, Figueiredo et al. apresentaram os resultados do estudo sistemático que têm vindo a desenvolver sobre o maior crânio de cetáceo fóssil registado em Portugal, até ao momento. O espécime faz parte das coleções do Museu Geológico (LNEG, Lisboa) e terá sido coletado nos depósitos do Serravaliano da Barreira Dias Coelho, em Marvila (Lisboa). Análises cladísticas preliminares, atribuem este exemplar ao grupo Balaenopteroidea, tratando-se assim do primeiro registo deste clado no Miocénico de Portugal. A investigação está a ser levada a cabo por elementos do Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade de Lisboa (MNHNC), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Grupo de Biología Evolutiva de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Museu Nacional da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MN-UFRJ), Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo (IB-USP), Department of Ecoscience of Aarhus University, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar da Universidade de Aveiro (CESAM) e do Grupo de Etnologia e Arquelogia da Lourinhã del Museu da Lourinhã (GEAL). O resumo desta apresentação encontra-se abaixo:
Cetaceans are well known for their modern diversity, but their fossil record is key to understanding their evolution, showing how they transitioned from land-dwelling mammals to fully aquatic forms with a wide range of shapes, sizes, and ecological roles. The Neogene sedimentary deposits of Portugal are rich in cetacean fossils, especially in the Lower Tagus basin. Hundreds of specimens, including numerous cranial remains, have been collected since the 19th century. While some specimens have been thoroughly described, many still await comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic study. The Portuguese Cetacea fossil fauna includes Mysticeti (Cetotheriidae) and Odontoceti (Ziphiidae, Kentriodontidae, Eurhinodelphinidae and Platanistidae). Here we describe in detail an unpublished mysticete skull (MG4962) housed in the Museu Geológico (LNEG, Lisboa). This specimen was collected from early Serravallian deposits at Barreira Dias Coelho (Marvila, Lisboa), probably belonging to the Argilas de Xabregas Formation (Division VIa of Cotter). These marine deposits represent the deepest Neogene sequence of the Lower Tagus Basin and correspond to the largest Miocene transgressive event in the region. MG 4962 is the largest cetacean skull known from the Miocene of Portugal. In addition to its large size, MG 4962 is characterized by a concave supraoccipital with sharp, laterally projected nuchal crests, and a well-developed occipital crest; nutrient foramina in the frontal bone; parallel-sided nasals with a lightly posteriorly directed W-shaped anterior margin; transversely wide and parabolic postglenoid process; a hypertrophied falciform process of the squamosal; and an anteroposteriorly concave ventral surface of the vomerine crest. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis places MG 4962 within Balaenomorpha clade showing affinities to balaenopteroids (Balaenopteridae + Eschrichtiidae), although its position within this clade remains uncertain. If confirmed, this specimen will represent the first fossil balaenopteroid recorded from the Neogene of Portugal, expanding current knowledge of Miocene whale diversity in the region. The occurrence of such a large mysticete in the deepest marine deposits of the Lower Tagus Basin is consistent with the major middle Miocene transgression. Future work will include expanded phylogenetic analysis and computed tomography (CT) to investigate internal anatomy.
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